Auxiliary verbs: to have

Some examples of to have as an auxiliary verb:

 

 

Present indefinite:

Affirmative:

I have

You have

He/she/it has

We have

They have

 

 

Negative:

I do not have or  don’t have

You do not have or don’t have

He/she/it does not have or  doesn’t have

We do not have or don’t have

They do not have or don’t have

 

 

Question:

Do I have?

Do you have?

Does he/she/it have?

Do we have?

Do they have?

 

 

 

Present continuous:

 Affirmative:

I am having

You are having

He/she/it is having

We are having

They are having

 

 

Negative:

I am not having or  ain’t having

You are not having or  aren’t having

He/she/it is not having or  isn’t having

We are not having or  aren’t having

They are not having or  aren’t having

 

 

Question:

Am I having?

Are you having?

Is he/she/it having?

Are we having?

Are they having?

 

 

 

Present perfect:

 Affirmative:

I have had

You have had

He/she/it has had

We have had

They have had

 

 

Negative:

I have not had or  haven’t had

You have not had or haven’t had

He/she/it has not had or hasn’t had

We have not had or  haven’t had

They have not had or haven’t had

 

 

Question:

Have I had?

Have you had?

Has he/she/it had?

Have we had?

Have they had?

 

 

 

 

Present perfect continuous:

 Affirmative:

I have been having

You have been having

He/she/it has been having

We have been having

They have been having

 

 

Negative:

I have not been having or  haven’t been having

You have not been having or  haven’t been having

He/she/it has not been having or  hasn’t been having

We have not been having or  haven’t been having

They have not been having or  haven’t been having

 

 

Question:

Have I been having?

Have you been having?

Has he/she/it been having?

Have we been having?

Have they been having?

 

 

 

 

Past indefinite:

Affirmative:

I had

You had

He/she/it had

We had

They had

 

 

Negative:

I did not have or  didn’t have

You did not have or didn’t have

He/she/it did not have or  didn’t have

We did not have or didn’t have

They did not have or  didn’t have

 

 

Question:

Did I have?

Did you have?

Did he /she/ it  have?

Did we have?

Did they have?

 

 

 

“HAVE” as a Main Verb:

When have is used as a main verb, it can be combined with other auxiliary verbs like shall or shall not to create different meanings.

Examples:

Shall + have:

Affirmative: I shall have dinner with my friends tonight.

Negative: I shall not have time to finish the project before the deadline.

Question: Shall we have a meeting tomorrow?

In this case, shall is used to indicate future time and have is used to indicate completion or possession.

 

Shall not + have:

Affirmative: I shall not have any difficulty finishing the work on time.

Negative: I shall have to cancel my plans if I cannot finish the work on time.

Question: Will I not have a chance to speak during the meeting?

In this case, shall not is used to indicate negation or prohibition, and have is used to indicate possession or experience.

It’s worth noting that the use of shall and shall not is relatively formal and is not as commonly used in everyday speech. In more informal settings, will and will not are more commonly used to indicate future time and negation.

 

 

 

 

“HAVE GOT” (HAVE)

Have got is another form of the verb have that can be used as a main verb or an auxiliary verb.

It is commonly used in British English, while in American English, have or have gotten is often used instead.

As a main verb:

Affirmative: I have got a new car.

Negative: She hasn’t got any money left.

Question: Have you got a minute to talk?

In this case, have got is used to indicate possession or the existence of something.

 

Examples:

Have breakfast (this means to eat breakfast.)

Have dinner ( this means to eat dinner.)

Have a talk (this means to have a conversation or discussion

Have a walk  (this means to take a walk or go for a walk.)

Have a quarrel ( this means to have an argument or disagreement.)

Have a smoke ( this means to smoke a cigarette or other tobacco product.)

Have a good time ( this means to enjoy oneself or have a pleasant experience.)

 

In all of these cases, have is used as a main verb, indicating an action or activity.

 

 

 As an auxiliary  verb:

Affirmative: I have got to finish this report by Friday.

Negative: We haven’t got to take a taxi.

Question: Have you got to leave now?

In this case, have got is used to indicate necessity, obligation, or duty.

It’s worth noting that in some cases, have got can be contracted to have in the present tense but not in the past tense.

For example, I’ve got a new car (present) but not  I’d got a new car (past).

The verb have is used as a main verb to indicate an action or activity that someone is doing or experiencing.

 

 

 

 

“HAVE TO” AS AN IDIOM

When have is used in this way, it is usually followed by an infinitive with to (e.g., have to go, have to do, have to study).

Affirmative:

I have to work late tonight.

We have to finish this project by Friday.

She has to study for her exams.

 

 

Negative:

He doesn’t have to come to the meeting if he doesn’t want to.

I don’t have to take the bus because I have a car.

They didn’t have to pay for the concert tickets because they won them in a contest.

 

 

Question:

Do you have to work on weekends?

Does she have to wear a uniform at work?

Did you have to wait long at the doctor’s office?

 

In all of these cases, have to is used to indicate that something is necessary or required.

 

 

 

The structure have + noun/pronoun + past participle is used to form the present perfect tense.

In this case, have is used as an auxiliary verb, and the past participle is the main verb.

The past participle is formed by adding -ed to regular verbs or using the third form of irregular ve

Affirmative:

I have watched that movie before.

They have finished their homework.

She has written a book.

 

 

Negative:

He hasn’t eaten breakfast yet.

We haven’t seen each other in years.

They haven’t decided where to go on vacation.

 

 

Question:

Have you ever been to Paris?

Has he finished his project yet?

Have they studied for the exam?

In all of these cases, have is used as an auxiliary verb to form the present perfect tense, indicating that an action happened at an unspecified time before now.

 

“HAVE” in the Causative Form.

Affirmative:

She is having her car serviced today.

They had their house painted last year.

He had his laptop repaired by a professional.

 

 

Negative:

I’m not going to have my car fixed until next week.

We didn’t have the plumber come because we fixed the leak ourselves.

She hasn’t had her phone upgraded yet.

 

 

Question:

Are you going to have someone fix the leak in your roof?

Did you have the chef prepare a special dish for the party?

Have they ever had their clothes dry cleaned?

The structure have + noun + infinitive with to is used to express the idea that someone has something that they need or want to do.

In this construction, have is followed by a noun that represents the thing someone needs or wants to do, and then an infinitive with to that describes the action.

 

 

 

“HAVE” + noun + infinitive with to

Affirmative:

I have some news to share with you.

She has a meeting to attend this afternoon.

They have a lot of work to do before the deadline.

 

 

Negative:

I don’t have anything to do this weekend.

She doesn’t have any appointments to keep today.

They don’t have any plans to travel abroad this year.

 

 

Question:

Do you have something to tell me?

Does she have anyone to help her move?

Do they have anything to ask the teacher?

In the sentence I have something to tell you, the word something is the noun that represents the thing the speaker needs or wants to do, and the infinitive with to is to tell.

This construction conveys the idea that the speaker has some information or news that they need to share with the listener.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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