Table of Irregular Verbs
Regular & Irregular Verb Patterns
Verbs in English can be classified into two main categories:
regular verbs and irregular verbs.
These categories are based on how the verbs change their forms to indicate tense, aspect, and agreement with the subject.
Let’s look up each category with examples:
Regular Verbs:
Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when conjugated.
They form their past simple and past participle forms by adding -ed to the base form.
The present participle form is created by adding -ing to the base form.
Example with the verb walk:
Base Form: walk
Past Simple: walked
Past Participle: walked
Present Participle: walking
Other examples of regular verbs include: play (played, played), jump (jumped, jumped), and talk (talked, talked).
Irregular Verbs:
Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern of adding -ed to form their past simple and past participle forms.
Instead, each irregular verb has its own unique forms.
Additionally, the present participle form is created by adding -ing to the base form, just like regular verbs.
Vowel Change:
Some irregular verbs change their vowel sound in the past tense and past participle forms.
This change can involve vowel shifts, such as from i to a or from e to o.
Example:
Base Form: sing
Past Simple: sang
Past Participle: sung
Present Participle: singing
Double Forms:
Some irregular verbs have different forms for the past simple and past participle, which do not follow a consistent pattern.
Example:
Base Form: go
Past Simple: went
Past Participle: gone
Present Participle: going
No Change:
Some irregular verbs maintain the same form across all three tenses (base form, past simple, and past participle).
Example:
Base Form: cut
Past Simple: cut
Past Participle: cut
Present Participle: cutting
Completely Different Forms:
A few irregular verbs have entirely different forms for the past simple and past participle.
Example:
Base Form: eat
Past Simple: ate
Past Participle: eaten
Present Participle: eating
Prefixes or Suffixes:
Some irregular verbs involve prefixes or suffixes that change the base form in the past tense or past participle.
Example:
Base Form: write
Past Simple: wrote
Past Participle: written
Present Participle: writing
Suppletion:
Suppletion occurs when an entirely different word is used for the past simple or past participle form.
Example:
Base Form: be
Past Simple: was/were
Past Participle: been
Present Participle: being
Table of Irregular Verbs:
| Base form | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| abide | abode | abiden |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| be | was / were | been |
| bear | bore | borne / born |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast
broadcasted |
broadcast
broadcasted |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burnt | burnt |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | got/gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt | knelt |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leaned / leant | leaned / leant |
| learn | learned / learnt | learned / learnt |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| light | lit | lit |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| saw | sawed | sawn |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shave | shaved | shaven |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| smell | smelt | smelt |
| sow | sowed | sown |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped | sped |
| spell | spelt | spelt |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilt | spilt |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spat | spat |
| split | split | split |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| strike | struck | struck |
| strive | strove | striven |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| tread | trod | trodden |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weep | wept | wept |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| write | wrote | written |
The Basic forms of The English verb